Advance directives in Spanish — ICU, palliative care, and hospice nurses

Advance directives in Spanish: goals-of-care, DNR, POLST, and comfort care — phrase by phrase.

Goals-of-care conversations are the hardest conversations in nursing — in any language. In Spanish, they are harder still, because the words for DNR, code status, and comfort care do not map cleanly to Spanish cultural frameworks around death, family decision-making, and what "giving up" means. This page gives you the specific phrases for explaining code status honestly, eliciting patient values, describing what a full code actually looks like, explaining POLST categories, and framing comfort care — without making the conversation feel like abandonment.

Opening the goals-of-care conversation

The goals-of-care conversation fails when it starts with options before establishing understanding. Always open with what the patient or family already knows — then correct before you add.

The 3-question values elicitation

Values elicitation comes before you name any option — code status, POLST, comfort care. These three questions surface what matters to this specific person.

Code status: explaining the options

Present code status as a spectrum, not a binary. The word "código completo" and "no reanimar" mean nothing to most patients without a concrete description.

Full code — an honest description

"Hagan todo lo posible" is what most Spanish-speaking families say by default. Before accepting it, describe what "everything" means in practice.

DNR and DNI — explaining what changes and what stays the same

POLST — explaining the three sections

POLST (Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment) translates to Órdenes Médicas para el Tratamiento de Sostén de Vida. Most patients will not know this term. Explain the sections by what each one means in practice.

Section A — CPR preference

Section B — medical interventions

Section C — artificial nutrition

Comfort care — framing it as a positive choice

"Solo medidas de confort" sounds like less to Spanish-speaking families. Reframe it as an affirmative care plan, not a list of things you will stop doing.

When the family wants to protect the patient from the truth

In many Latino families, adult children or a spouse may ask the medical team not to tell the patient the full prognosis. This creates a legal and ethical tension with the patient's right to information. Name the tension openly.

When the patient asks "am I going to die?"

FAQs — advance directives in Spanish

How do I explain DNR in Spanish without making it sound like abandonment?

The word "no reanimar" lands hard without context. Separate the decision into what changes and what stays the same: "Una orden de no reanimar no es decir que no le vamos a tratar. Significa que, si el corazón se para, no vamos a hacer la reanimación — los golpes en el pecho, el tubo, la corriente eléctrica. Sí le seguimos poniendo medicamentos, sí le quitamos el dolor, sí lo acompañamos. Lo que cambia es lo que pasa si el corazón se para al final." Close with: "No reanimar no es lo mismo que abandonar."

How do I explain what a full code actually looks like in Spanish?

Most families say "hagan todo lo posible" without knowing what that entails. An honest description: "Código completo significa que, si el corazón se para, el equipo va a hacer comprensiones en el pecho — muy fuertes, y a veces se rompen costillas. También vamos a poner un tubo por la boca hasta los pulmones para respirar por la máquina. Vamos a usar corriente eléctrica para intentar reiniciar el corazón. Todo esto puede funcionar — pero en pacientes con enfermedades graves, muchas veces no logra que el paciente salga del hospital." Then: "Le digo esto no para convencerlo, sino para que su decisión sea informada."

What is the 3-question values elicitation in Spanish?

Three questions before you name any option: (1) "¿Qué sabe usted sobre la enfermedad — sobre lo que está pasando ahora mismo?" — Establishes baseline and corrects misunderstanding. (2) "¿Qué es lo que más le preocupa — qué es lo que más miedo le da?" — Surfaces the primary fear (often pain, dying alone, or "they'll give up on me"). (3) "¿Qué cosas tendrían que poder hacer para que la vida valiera la pena?" — Defines what quality of life means for this person. Answers like "poder reconocer a mis hijos" anchor every subsequent treatment decision.

How do I explain POLST categories in Spanish?

Three sections. Section A — CPR: "Si el corazón se para, ¿quiere que intentemos reiniciarlo? Sí o no." Section B — interventions: "Hay tres niveles: tratamiento completo — todo lo que se pueda; tratamiento limitado — tratamos pero sin UCI ni ventilador si no hay probabilidad razonable; solo medidas de confort — el objetivo es el alivio, sin tratamientos que prolonguen el proceso de morir." Section C — nutrition: "¿Quiere recibir alimentación por un tubo si no puede comer por sí mismo?"

How do I handle family disagreement about goals of care in Spanish?

Name the disagreement directly: "Escucho que hay opiniones diferentes en la familia, y eso es completamente normal." If the patient has capacity, redirect to them: "La decisión final, mientras ella pueda tomarla, es de ella." If the patient lacks capacity: "¿Qué diría [nombre] si pudiera hablar con nosotros ahora mismo — qué sabemos de lo que ella habría querido?" Close: "No estamos decidiendo si amamos a [nombre]. Estamos tratando de hacer lo que [nombre] habría querido."

ClinicaLingo is a language-training product, not medical interpretation. Goals-of-care and advance-directive conversations with Spanish-speaking patients require a qualified interpreter whenever possible — especially for consent and code-status documentation. Always follow your facility's language-access and ethics consultation policies.